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on a new AIDS drug.

Noah talks to John Shattuck, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, about his trip to Srebrenica over the weekend. Shattuck describes visiting the warehouse where hundreds of Muslims were believed to have been slaughtered.

Robert and Linda read from another batch of listeners' comments.

David Culhane reports from Paris on a shakeup in the French defense industry. The government offered the biggest overhaul and the most comprehensive review of French military strategy since World War II. President Chirac announced in an address to the nation today that over the next 6 years military conscription will be replaced by a professional army.

Danny talks with Stephen Ansolabehere, author of "Going Negative, How Political Advertisements Shrink and Polarize the Electorate" (The Free Press, Simon and Schuster). Ansolabehere says that contrary to popular belief, negative ads don't cause voters to change their minds. In fact, according to one study Ansolabehere and his colleagues completed, negative ads reenforce voters pre-existing political views, with one glaring exception, independents. In this case, Ansolabehere says, negative ads tend to make independents stay home and not vote at all and since independents tend to be the moderating force in elections, the fact that they are discouraged from voting by negative ads may be leading to the polarization of American politics.

Commentator John Rosenthal is a photographer and at a wedding he was working at he befriended a little girl in a white dress and patent leather shoes who wanted to pose for a picture. She also wants to know why he is taking so many pictures if he doesn't know anyone at the wedding.

Alan Cheuse reviews Criminals by Scottish writer Margot Livesey. (LIV-see). It's a dark comedy about moral ambiguity in the life of a English business man. (Publisher:Knopf)

We're asking our listeners to phone our call-in line to tell us for Valentine's Day...what they remember of their first real kiss.

With just over a week until the Iowa caucuses, organizers for various candidates are trying to make sure their troops will show up in force for one of the most important early contests for the presidential nomination. NPR's Laura Ziegler reports that for many people in Iowa, the up-close-and-personal nature of the caucus process offers them a chance to meet the candidates and for many, it is the closest encounter they have with representative democracy.

of AFL/CIO leaders from around the country, where Republican presidential candidate Pat Buchanan has been a big topic this week. They are trying to persuade rank-and-file members that Buchanan does not represent labor interests, despite his appeals to blue collar workers.