This story is part of a series, Narcan and Durango schools, produced by KSUT and KSJD.
Editor’s note: Until recently, what we knew about the perspective of the 9R School District came from the public record. On March 15, 9R District Superintendent Karen Cheser agreed to an interview for this series. In the interview, the superintendent revealed new details about the district’s planning and deliberations around the policy change proposed by students.
A single teen’s fatal overdose sparked the teen harm reduction movement in Durango in 2021. Following this event, some high school students began to explore changes in school policy that would allow them to act if an overdose happened at school.
The activism among high school students emerged slowly at first, on independent and parallel tracks, in the spring of 2022. But by the fall of that year, these students had joined forces and started pushing school administrators and district board members to take action. By January 2023, they decided to go public.
“What they’re telling us now is we’re working on it, we’re looking into it,” said Ilias Stritikus, a Durango High School Senior. “But we first brought this up with the board in September. Six months later, and we don’t feel heard.”
In an exclusive interview for this series, 9R School District Karen Cheser told us that she has been listening and that the dialogue with students has progressed as it should have.
“I know (students) think that this is taking a long time. But we’re doing something no one else has done,” Cheser said. “So it does take a long time. It’s a very important decision. (It’s) not easy.”
On January 24, Cheser presented at the 9R Board of Education meeting. It was the first time she addressed the public about the student campaign to carry Narcan in schools.
“This is uncharted territory,” she said. “In Colorado, this hasn’t really happened. And so it was really important that we work with our attorneys and our insurance company because there are ramifications.”
On January 24, Cheser stressed that one of her chief responsibilities would be to minimize risks and liability to the district. The risks she outlined at that meeting were numerous. Among them were several undesirable scenarios that may happen with the administration of when Narcan.
She said that those who receive Narcan could have allergic reactions and that some recipients can become violent and angry during withdrawal. She also pointed out that involving students in scenarios like these would significantly change district protocol.
Typically, trained faculty handle emergencies at schools. Allowing students to carry Narcan would mean that a minor could be a first responder at the scene of a medical emergency.
“It’s not just about carrying it. It’s ultimately about if they have to use it,” Cheser said that night. “Instead of a trained adult….a tremendous responsibility (to) put on a 14-year-old.”
On Wednesday, Cheser agreed to interview with us, and she told us early on in that conversation that she’s concerned the school district’s perspective hasn’t been heard as clearly as the voices of student activists.
“The complexity of the issue has not necessarily been known by the public,” she said. “I think we realize we definitely need to get all that information out there. So it doesn’t seem one-sided or that we are not listening or not supportive. So that’s been frustrating.”
The district has been exploring potential solutions to the many challenges it would face in implementing the changes students ask for. Still, according to Cheser, legal concerns are among the most significant obstacles. Since at least last November, Cheser has consulted with attorneys and the school board to make sense of the legal landscape.
Student possession and use in schools is mainly untested, she told us. But at least one element of the law was transparent: Colorado statute does cover faculty and trained adults to administer Narcan in schools. 9R District schools have had Narcan on campus and have trained faculty and staff to use it since December 2021.
“CRS (Colorado revised statue) 20 211 19.1. That’s the statute that was just passed last year by the legislature, which allows employees and their agents to be trained,” she said.
The word “agent” is essential in the debate over whether students are covered under the law. There are questions about whether a student could act as an “agent” of a public school when administering Narcan to someone who may be overdosing. Teens activists, who have also researched the topic, told us they believe the law covers them. Cheser disagreed.
“I know, the students have an interpretation of what ‘agent’ means,” she said. “I can’t have an interpretation. I have to go with what my attorneys are saying because they’re the ones who would represent us. Our attorney says that an ‘agent,’ according to statute, is not a student.”
Without protection for students under the law, Cheser worries about a worst-case scenario–one in which a 15-year-old uses Narcan on a fellow student who may or may not be overdosing, and an unfavorable outcome arises.
“Then the parent can sue us individually (or) as a district,” she said. “We may or may not be covered legally.”
Given the extent of a legal gray area, and uncertainty, it might be surprising to learn that Cheser told us she’s not opposed to making a policy change.
“It’s not that we don’t want it to happen. I want to do this for kids if this helps them help others,” she said. “I just can’t put the district in a place where there is a legal risk without doing due diligence.”
9R board considers a new policy
9R board members are reviewing a policy change that would allow “trained” students to carry and administer Narcan during school hours and on campus. The policy was first made public at a 9R Board work session on February 13.
This new policy would place several requirements on students and their families to shield the district from liability–including a provision that students and their parents would sign a waiver.
“Parents would be signing that they accept responsibility and liability. Students would sign that they understand what this means,” she told us. “Any Narcan…used by students would have to come from a known source.”
In addition to those controls, students would require training–training the district’s legal counsel has said cannot be done by faculty or staff. Cheser subsequently emailed us that the district may have found a community partner to facilitate student training in San Juan Basin Public Health.)
“There’s no guarantee that’s enough to stop anyone from suing,” she said. “But at least it lowers the risk.”
Upcoming community forum
Even as the 9R board considers whether or not it is comfortable with allowing the superintendent to make this policy change, the district is preparing to host a forum on March 27. Students, administrators, board members, and healthcare experts will discuss the risks and benefits of allowing students to carry and administer Narcan on campus at this meeting.
Cheser says the forum will allow board members one last round of input before deciding.
“They have to say, ‘is the benefit, basically, of having students have Narcan on hand, does that outweigh all these other risks?’” she said. “And if they tell me, ‘yes, the risk is worth it,’ that is the message to me to go ahead with the policy.”
After the forum, it won’t be long before the 9R board has an opportunity to make a decision. Its next scheduled meeting is the following evening–March 28–and discussion of the matter is already on the agenda.
Mark Duggan provided web production and editing for this story.
